Diphenylamine-substituted salicylthiazole derivatives and related compounds as phosphotyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTB1B) inhibitors for using as blood-sugar decreasing active ingredients for treating diabetes

ABSTRACT

The invention therefore relates to compounds of the formula I 
                         
in which the variables are as defined in the specification, to pharmaceutical compositions containing them and to their use for therapeutically lowering blood glucose levels.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of International application No. PCT/EP2005/007151, filed Jul. 2, 2005, the contents of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference; which application claims the benefit of priority of German Patent Application No. 10 2004 034 697.6, filed Jul. 17, 2004.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to salicylthiazoles substituted by diphenylamine derivatives, and to the physiologically tolerated salts thereof.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Compounds of similar structure, and the use thereof as PAI-1 (plasminogen activator inhibitor-1), have been described in the prior art WO 01/074793 (PCT/US01/10307).

The invention was based on the object of providing compounds which display a therapeutically utilizable blood glucose-lowering effect. The compounds were intended in particular to be suitable for the prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention therefore relates to compounds of the formula I

in which the meanings are

-   R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 independently of one another H, F, Cl, Br, I, OH,     CF₃, NO₂, CN, OCF₃, O—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, O—(C₁-C₄)-alkoxy-(C₁-C₄)-alkyl,     S—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, (C₁-C₆)-alkyl, (C₂-C₆)-alkenyl, (C₃-C₈)-cycloalkyl,     O—(C₃-C₈)-cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₈)-cycloalkenyl, O—(C₃-C₈)-cycloalkenyl,     (C₂-C₆)-alkynyl, aryl, O-aryl(C₁-C₈)-alkylene-aryl,     O—(C₁-C₈)-alkylene-aryl, S-aryl, CO—NH(C₁-C₆)-alkyl,     N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)₂, NH—SO₂—CH₃, SO₂—CH₃, COOH, COO—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl,     CO—N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)₂; -   R6 H, (C₁-C₆)-alkyl; -   A a bond, —CH₂—, —NH—, —CH₂—O—, —S—, —CH₂—CH₂—, —CH(CH₃)—; -   B NH, NH(C₁-C₄)-alkyl, NH(CO); -   D phenyl, heterocycle;     and the physiologically tolerated salts thereof.

Preference is given to compounds of the formula I in which one or more radicals have the following meaning:

-   R1, R2 independently of one another H or O—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, COOH; -   R3, R4, R5 independently of one another H, F, Cl, Br, I, OH, CF₃,     NO₂, CN, OCF₃, O—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, O—(C₁-C₄)-alkoxy-(C₁-C₄)-alkyl,     S—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, (C₁-C₆)-alkyl, (C₂-C₆)-alkenyl, (C₃-C₈)-cycloalkyl,     O—(C₃-C₈)-cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₈)-cycloalkenyl, O—(C₃-C₈)-cycloalkenyl,     (C₂-C₆)-alkynyl, aryl, O-aryl(C₁-C₈)-alkylene-aryl,     O—(C₁-C₈)-alkylene-aryl, S-aryl, N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)₂, NH—SO₂—CH₃,     SO₂—CH₃, COOH, COO—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, CO—NH(C₁-C₆)-alkyl,     CO—N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)₂; -   R6 H, methyl; -   A a bond, —CH₂—; -   B NH, NH(CO); -   D phenyl, heterocycle;     and the physiologically tolerated salts thereof.

Particular preference is given to compounds of the formula I in which one or more radicals have the following meaning:

-   R1, R2 H, -   R3, R4, R5 independently of one another H, F, Cl, Br, I, OH, CF₃,     NO₂, CN, OCF₃, O—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, O—(C₁-C₄)-alkoxy-(C₁-C₄)-alkyl,     S—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, (C₁-C₆)-alkyl, (C₂-C₆)-alkenyl, (C₃-C₈)-cycloalkyl,     O—(C₃-C₈)-cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₈)-cycloalkenyl, O—(C₃-C₈)-cycloalkenyl,     (C₂-C₆)-alkynyl, aryl, O-aryl (C₁-C₈)-alkylene-aryl,     O—(C₁-C₈)-alkylene-aryl, S-aryl, N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)₂, NH—SO₂—CH₃,     SO₂—CH₃, COOH, COO—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, CO—NH(C₁-C₆)-alkyl,     CO—N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)₂; -   R6 H, (C₁-C₆)-alkyl; -   A a bond, —CH₂—, —NH—, —CH₂—O—, —S—, —CH₂—CH₂—, —CH(CH₃)—; -   B NH, NH(C₁-C₄)-alkyl, NH(CO); -   D phenyl, heterocycle;     and the physiologically tolerated salts thereof.

Very particular preference is given to compounds of the formula I in which one or more radicals have the following meaning:

-   R1, R2 H, -   R3, R4, R5 independently of one another H, F, NH—SO₂—CH₃, COOH,     CO—NH(C₁-C₆)-alkyl; -   R6 H; -   A a bond; -   B NH; -   D phenyl;     and the physiologically tolerated salts thereof.

The invention relates to compounds of the formula I in the form of their racemates, racemic mixtures and pure enantiomers and to their diastereomers and mixtures thereof.

If radicals or substituents may occur more than once in the compounds of the formula I, they may all, independently of one another, have the stated meaning and be identical or different.

Pharmaceutically acceptable salts are, because their solubility in water is greater than that of the initial or basic compounds, particularly suitable for medical applications. These salts must have a pharmaceutically acceptable anion or cation. Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts of the compounds of the invention are salts of inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic, phosphoric, metaphosphoric, nitric and sulfuric acid, and of organic acids such as, for example, acetic acid, benzenesulfonic, benzoic, citric, ethanesulfonic, fumaric, gluconic, glycolic, isethionic, lactic, lactobionic, maleic, malic, methanesulfonic, succinic, p-toluenesulfonic and tartaric acid. Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable basic salts are ammonium salts, alkali metal salts (such as sodium and potassium salts), alkaline earth metal salts (such as magnesium and calcium salts), trometamol (2-amino-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol), diethanolamine, lysine or ethylenediamine.

Salts with a pharmaceutically unacceptable anion such as, for example, trifluoroacetate likewise belong within the framework of the invention as useful intermediates for the preparation or purification of pharmaceutically acceptable salts and/or for use in nontherapeutic, for example in vitro, applications.

The term “physiologically functional derivative” used herein refers to any physiologically tolerated derivative of a compound of the formula I of the invention, for example an ester, which on administration to a mammal such as, for example, a human is able to form (directly or indirectly) a compound of the formula I or an active metabolite thereof.

Physiologically functional derivatives include prodrugs of the compounds of the invention, as described, for example, in H. Okada et al., Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1994, 42, 57-61. Such prodrugs can be metabolized in vivo to a compound of the invention. These prodrugs may themselves be active or not.

The compounds of the invention may also exist in various polymorphous forms, for example as amorphous and crystalline polymorphous forms. All polymorphous forms of the compounds of the invention belong within the framework of the invention and are a further aspect of the invention.

All references to “compound(s) of formula I” hereinafter refer to compound(s) of the formula I as described above, and their salts, solvates and physiologically functional derivatives as described herein.

An alkyl radical means a straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon chain having one or more carbons, such as, for example, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, hexyl.

The alkyl radicals may be substituted one or more times by suitable groups such as, for example: F, Cl, Br, I, CF₃, NO₂, N₃, CN, COOH, COO(C₁-C₆)alkyl, CONH₂, CONH(C₁-C₆)alkyl, CON[(C₁-C₆)alkyl]₂, cycloalkyl, (C₂-C₆)-alkenyl, (C₂-C₆)-alkynyl, O—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, O—CO—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, O—CO—(C₁-C₆)-aryl, O—CO—(C₁-C₆)-heterocycle;

PO₃H₂, SO₃H, SO₂—NH₂, SO₂NH(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, SO₂N[(C₁-C₆)-alkyl]₂, S—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, S—(CH₂)_(n)-aryl, S—(CH₂)_(n)-heterocycle, SO—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, SO—(CH₂)_(n)-aryl, SO—(CH₂)_(n)-heterocycle, SO₂—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, SO₂—(CH₂)_(n)-aryl, SO₂—(CH₂)_(n)-heterocycle, SO₂—NH(CH₂)_(n)-aryl, SO₂—NH(CH₂)_(n)-heterocycle, SO₂—N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)(CH₂)_(n)-aryl, SO₂—N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)(CH₂)_(n)-heterocycle, SO₂—N((CH₂)_(n)-aryl)₂, SO₂—N((CH₂)_(n)-(heterocycle))₂, where n can be 0-6, and the aryl radical or heterocyclic radical may be substituted up to twice by F, Cl, Br, OH, CF₃, NO₂, CN, OCF₃, O—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, (C₁-C₆)-alkyl, NH₂;

C(NH)(NH₂), NH₂, NH—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)₂, NH(C₁-C₇)-acyl, NH—CO—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, NH—COO—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, NH—CO-aryl, NH—CO-heterocycle, NH—COO-aryl, NH—COO-heterocycle, NH—CO—NH—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, NH—CO—NH-aryl, NH—CO—NH-heterocycle, N(C₁-C₆)-alkyl-CO—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, N(C₁-C₆)-alkyl-COO—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, N(C₁-C₆)-alkyl-CO-aryl, N(C₁-C₆)-alkyl-CO-heterocycle, N(C₁-C₆)-alkyl-COO-aryl, N(C₁-C₆)-alkyl-COO-heterocycle, N(C₁-C₆)-alkyl-CO—NH—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl), N(C₁-C₆)-alkyl-CO—NH-aryl, N(C₁-C₆)-alkyl-CO—NH-heterocycle, N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)-CO—N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)₂, N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)-CO—N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)-aryl, N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)-CO—N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)-heterocycle, N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)-CO—N-(aryl)₂, N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)-CO—N-(heterocycle)₂, N(aryl)-CO—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, N(heterocycle)-CO—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, N(aryl)-COO—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, N(hetero-cycle)-COO—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, N(aryl)-CO-aryl, N(heterocycle)-CO-aryl, N(aryl)-COO-aryl, N(heterocycle)-COO-aryl, N(aryl)-CO—NH—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, N(heterocycle)-CO—NH—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, N(aryl)-CO—NH-aryl, N(heterocycle)-CO—NH-aryl, N(aryl)-CO—N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)₂, N(heterocycle)-CO—N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)₂, N(aryl)-CO—N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)-aryl, N(heterocycle)-CO—N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)-aryl, N(aryl)-CO—N-(aryl)₂, N(heterocycle)-CO—N-(aryl)₂, aryl, O—(CH₂)_(n)-aryl, O—(CH₂)_(n)-heterocycle, where n may be 0-6, where the aryl radical or heterocyclic radical may be substituted one to 3 times by F, Cl, Br, I, OH, CF₃, NO₂, CN, OCF₃, O—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, (C₁-C₆)-alkyl, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)₂, SO₂—CH₃, COOH, COO—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, CONH₂.

An alkenyl radical means a straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon chain having two or more carbons and one or more double bonds, such as, for example, vinyl, allyl, pentenyl.

The alkenyl radicals may be substituted one or more times by suitable groups such as, for example: F, Cl, Br, I, CF₃, NO₂, N₃, CN, COOH, COO(C₁-C₆)alkyl, CONH₂, CONH(C₁-C₆)alkyl, CON[(C₁-C₆)alkyl]₂, cycloalkyl, (C₁-C₁₀)-alkyl, (C₂-C₆)-alkynyl, O—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl O—CO—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, O—CO—(C₁-C₆)-aryl, O—CO—(C₁-C₆)-heterocycle;

PO₃H₂, SO₃H, SO₂—NH₂, SO₂NH(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, SO₂N[(C₁-C₆)-alkyl]₂, S—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, S—(CH₂)_(n)-aryl, S—(CH₂)_(n)-heterocycle, SO—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, SO—(CH₂)_(n)-aryl, SO—(CH₂)_(n)-heterocycle, SO₂—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, SO₂—(CH₂)_(n)-aryl, SO₂—(CH₂)_(n)-heterocycle, SO₂—NH(CH₂)_(n)-aryl, SO₂—NH(CH₂)_(n)-heterocycle, SO₂—N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)(CH₂)_(n)-aryl, SO₂—N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)(CH₂)_(n)-heterocycle, SO₂—N((CH₂)_(n)-aryl)₂, SO₂—N((CH₂)_(n)-(heterocycle)₂ where n may be 0-6 and the aryl radical or heterocyclic radical may be substituted up to twice by F, Cl, Br, OH, CF₃, NO₂, CN, OCF₃, O—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, (C₁-C₆)-alkyl, NH₂;

C(NH)(NH₂), NH₂, NH—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)₂, NH(C₁-C₇)-acyl, NH—CO—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, NH—COO—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, NH—CO-aryl, NH—CO-heterocycle, NH—COO-aryl, NH—COO-heterocycle, NH—CO—NH—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, NH—CO—NH-aryl, NH—CO—NH-heterocycle, N(C₁-C₆)-alkyl-CO—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, N(C₁-C₆)-alkyl-COO—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, N(C₁-C₆)-alkyl-CO-aryl, N(C₁-C₆)-alkyl-CO-heterocycle, N(C₁-C₆)-alkyl-COO-aryl, N(C₁-C₆)-alkyl-COO-heterocycle, N(C₁-C₆)-alkyl-CO—NH—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl), N(C₁—C₆)-alkyl-CO—NH-aryl, N(C₁-C₆)-alkyl-CO—NH-heterocycle, N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)-CO—N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)₂, N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)-CO—N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)-aryl, N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)-CO—N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)-heterocycle, N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)-CO—N(aryl)₂, N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)-CO—N(heterocycle)₂, N(aryl)-CO—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, N(heterocycle)-CO—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, N(aryl)-COO—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, N(heterocycle)-COO—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, N(aryl)-CO-aryl, N(heterocycle)-CO-aryl, N(aryl)-COO-aryl, N(heterocycle)-COO-aryl, N(aryl)-CO—NH—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, N(heterocycle)-CO—NH—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, N(aryl)-CO—NH-aryl, N(heterocycle)-CO—NH-aryl, N(aryl)-CO—N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)₂, N(heterocycle)-CO—N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)₂, N(aryl)-CO—N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)-aryl, N(heterocycle)-CO—N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)-aryl, N(aryl)-CO—N(aryl)₂, N(heterocycle)-CO—N(aryl)₂, aryl, O—(CH₂)_(n)-aryl, O—(CH₂)_(n)-heterocycle, where n may be 0-6, where the aryl radical or heterocyclic radical may be substituted one to 3 times by F, Cl, Br, I, OH, CF₃, NO₂, CN, OCF₃, O—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, (C₁-C₆)-alkyl, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)₂, SO₂—CH₃, COOH, COO—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, CONH₂.

An alkynyl radical means a straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon chain having two or more carbons and one or more triple bonds, such as, for example, ethynyl, propynyl, hexynyl.

The alkynyl radicals may be substituted one or more times by suitable groups such as, for example: F, Cl, Br, I, CF₃, NO₂, N₃, CN, COOH, COO(C₁-C₆)alkyl, CONH₂, CONH(C₁-C₆)alkyl, CON[(C₁-C₆)alkyl]₂, cycloalkyl, (C₂-C₆)-alkenyl, (C₁-C₁₀)-alkyl, O—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, O—CO—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, O—CO—(C₁-C₆)-aryl, O—CO—(C₁-C₆)-heterocycle;

PO₃H₂, SO₃H, SO₂—NH₂, SO₂NH(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, SO₂N[(C₁-C₆)-alkyl]₂, S—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, S—(CH₂)_(n)-aryl, S—(CH₂)_(n)-heterocycle, SO—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, SO—(CH₂)_(n)-aryl, SO—(CH₂)_(n)-heterocycle, SO₂—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, SO₂—(CH₂)_(n)-aryl, SO₂—(CH₂)_(n)-heterocycle, SO₂—NH(CH₂)_(n)-aryl, SO₂—NH(CH₂)_(n)-heterocycle, SO₂—N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)(CH₂)_(n)-aryl, SO₂—N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)(CH₂)_(n)-heterocycle, SO₂—N((CH₂)_(n)-aryl)₂, SO₂—N((CH₂)_(n)-(heterocycle)₂ where n may be 0-6 and the aryl radical or heterocyclic radical may be substituted up to twice by F, Cl, Br, OH, CF₃, NO₂, CN, OCF₃, O—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, (C₁-C₆)-alkyl, NH₂;

C(NH)(NH₂), NH₂, NH—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)₂, NH(C₁-C₇)-acyl, NH—CO—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, NH—COO—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, NH—CO-aryl, NH—CO-heterocycle, NH—COO-aryl, NH—COO-heterocycle, NH—CO—NH—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, NH—CO—NH-aryl, NH—CO—NH-heterocycle, N(C₁-C₆)-alkyl-CO—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, N(C₁-C₆)-alkyl-COO—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, N(C₁-C₆)-alkyl-CO-aryl, N(C₁-C₆)-alkyl-CO-heterocycle, N(C₁-C₆)-alkyl-COO-aryl, N(C₁-C₆)-alkyl-COO-heterocycle, N(C₁-C₆)-alkyl-CO—NH—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl), N(C₁-C₆)-alkyl-CO—NH-aryl, N(C₁-C₆)-alkyl-CO—NH-heterocycle, N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)-CO—N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)₂, N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)-CO—N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)-aryl, N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)-CO—N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)-heterocycle, N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)-CO—N(aryl)₂, N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)-CO—N(heterocycle)₂, N(aryl)-CO—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, N(heterocycle)-CO—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, N(aryl)-COO—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, N(heterocycle)-COO—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, N(aryl)-CO-aryl, N(heterocycle)-CO-aryl, N(aryl)-COO-aryl, N(heterocycle)-COO-aryl, N(aryl)-CO—NH—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, N(heterocycle)-CO—NH—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, N(aryl)-CO—NH-aryl, N(heterocycle)-CO—NH-aryl, N(aryl)-CO—N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)₂, N(heterocycle)-CO—N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)₂, N(aryl)-CO—N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)-aryl, N(heterocycle)-CO—N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)-aryl, N(aryl)-CO—N(aryl)₂, N(heterocycle)-CO—N(aryl)₂, aryl, O—(CH₂)_(n)-aryl, O—(CH₂)_(n)-heterocycle, where n may be 0-6, where the aryl radical or heterocyclic radical may be substituted one to 3 times by F, Cl, Br, I, OH, CF₃, NO₂, CN, OCF₃, O—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, (C₁-C₆)-alkyl, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)₂, SO₂—CH₃, COOH, COO—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, CONH₂.

An aryl radical means a phenyl, naphthyl, biphenyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, alpha- or beta-tetralon-, indanyl- or indan-1-on-yl radical.

The aryl radicals may be substituted one or more times by suitable groups such as, for example: F, Cl, Br, I, CF₃, NO₂, N₃, CN, COOH, COO(C₁-C₆)alkyl, CONH₂, CONH(C₁-C₆)alkyl, CON[(C₁-C₆)alkyl]₂, cycloalkyl, (C₁-C₁₀)-alkyl, (C₂-C₆)-alkenyl, (C₂-C₆)-alkynyl, O—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl O—CO—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, O—CO—(C₁-C₆)-aryl, O—CO—(C₁-C₆)-heterocycle;

PO₃H₂, SO₃H, SO₂—NH₂, SO₂NH(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, SO₂N[(C₁-C₆)-alkyl]₂, S—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, S—(CH₂)_(n)-aryl, S—(CH₂)_(n)-heterocycle, SO—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, SO—(CH₂)_(n)-aryl, SO—(CH₂)_(n)-heterocycle, SO₂—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, SO₂—(CH₂)_(n)-aryl, SO₂—(CH₂)_(n)-heterocycle, SO₂—NH(CH₂)_(n)-aryl, SO₂—NH(CH₂)_(n)-heterocycle, SO₂—N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)(CH₂)_(n)-aryl, SO₂—N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)(CH₂)_(n)-heterocycle, SO₂—N((CH₂)_(n)-aryl)₂, SO₂—N((CH₂)_(n)-(heterocycle)₂ where n may be 0-6 and the aryl radical or heterocyclic radical may be substituted up to twice by F, Cl, Br, OH, CF₃, NO₂, CN, OCF₃, O—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, (C₁-C₆)-alkyl, NH₂;

C(NH)(NH₂), NH₂, NH—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)₂, NH(C₁-C₇)-acyl, NH—CO—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, NH—COO—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, NH—CO-aryl, NH—CO-heterocycle, NH—COO-aryl, NH—COO-heterocycle, NH—CO—NH—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, NH—CO—NH-aryl, NH—CO—NH-heterocycle, N(C₁-C₆)-alkyl-CO—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, N(C₁-C₆)-alkyl-COO—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, N(C₁-C₆)-alkyl-CO-aryl, N(C₁-C₆)-alkyl-CO-heterocycle, N(C₁-C₆)-alkyl-COO-aryl, N(C₁-C₆)-alkyl-COO-heterocycle, N(C₁-C₆)-alkyl-CO—NH—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl), N(C₁-C₆)-alkyl-CO—NH-aryl, N(C₁-C₆)-alkyl-CO—NH-heterocycle, N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)-CO—N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)₂, N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)-CO—N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)-aryl, N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)-CO—N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)-heterocycle, N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)-CO—N(aryl)₂, N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)-CO—N(heterocycle)₂, N(aryl)-CO—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, N(heterocycle)-CO—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, N(aryl)-COO—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, N(heterocycle)-COO—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, N(aryl)-CO-aryl, N(heterocycle)-CO-aryl, N(aryl)-COO-aryl, N(heterocycle)-COO-aryl, N(aryl)-CO—NH—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, N(heterocycle)-CO—NH—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, N(aryl)-CO—NH-aryl, N(heterocycle)-CO—NH-aryl, N(aryl)-CO—N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)₂, N(heterocycle)-CO—N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)₂, N(aryl)-CO—N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)-aryl, N(heterocycle)-CO—N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)-aryl, N(aryl)-CO—N(aryl)₂, N(heterocycle)-CO—N(aryl)₂, aryl, O—(CH₂)_(n)-aryl, O—(CH₂)_(n)-heterocycle, where n may be 0-6, where the aryl radical or heterocyclic radical may be substituted one to 3 times by F, Cl, Br, I, OH, CF₃, NO₂, CN, OCF₃, O—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, (C₁-C₆)-alkyl, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)₂, SO₂—CH₃, COOH, COO—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, CONH₂.

A cycloalkyl radical means a ring system which comprises one or more rings and which is saturated or partially unsaturated (with one or two double bonds), and which is composed exclusively of carbon atoms, for example, cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexyl or adamantyl. The cycloalkyl radicals may be substituted one or more times by suitable groups such as, for example: F, Cl, Br, I, CF₃, NO₂, N₃, CN, COOH, COO(C₁-C₆)alkyl, CONH₂, CONH(C₁-C₆)alkyl, CON[(C₁-C₆)alkyl]₂, cycloalkyl, (C₁-C₁₀)-alkyl, (C₂-C₆)-alkenyl, (C₂-C₆)-alkynyl, O—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl O—CO—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, O—CO—(C₁-C₆)-aryl, O—CO—(C₁-C₆)-heterocycle;

-   PO₃H₂, SO₃H, SO₂—NH₂, SO₂NH(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, SO₂N[(C₁-C₆)-alkyl]₂,     S—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, S—(CH₂)_(n)-aryl, S—(CH₂)_(n)-heterocycle,     SO—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, SO—(CH₂)_(n)-aryl, SO—(CH₂)_(n)-heterocycle,     SO₂—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, SO₂—(CH₂)_(n)-aryl, SO₂—(CH₂)_(n)-heterocycle,     SO₂—NH(CH₂)_(n)-aryl, SO₂—NH(CH₂)_(n)-heterocycle,     SO₂—N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)(CH₂)_(n)-aryl,     SO₂—N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)(CH₂)_(n)-heterocycle, SO₂—N((CH₂)_(n)-aryl)₂,     SO₂—N((CH₂)_(n)-(heterocycle)₂ where n may be 0-6 and the aryl     radical or heterocyclic radical may be substituted up to twice by F,     Cl, Br, OH, CF₃, NO₂, CN, OCF₃, O—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, (C₁-C₆)-alkyl, NH₂;

C(NH)(NH₂), NH₂, NH—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)₂, NH(C₁-C₇)-acyl, NH—CO—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, NH—COO—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, NH—CO-aryl, NH—CO-heterocycle, NH—COO-aryl, NH—COO-heterocycle, NH—CO—NH—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, NH—CO—NH-aryl, NH—CO—NH-heterocycle, N(C₁-C₆)-alkyl-CO—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, N(C₁-C₆)-alkyl-COO—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, N(C₁-C₆)-alkyl-CO-aryl, N(C₁-C₆)-alkyl-CO-heterocycle, N(C₁-C₆)-alkyl-COO-aryl, N(C₁-C₆)-alkyl-COO-heterocycle, N(C₁-C₆)-alkyl-CO—NH—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl), N(C₁-C₆)-alkyl-CO—NH-aryl, N(C₁-C₆)-alkyl-CO—NH-heterocycle, N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)-CO—N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)₂, N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)-CO—N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)-aryl, N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)-CO—N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)-heterocycle, N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)-CO—N(aryl)₂, N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)-CO—N(heterocycle)₂, N(aryl)-CO—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, N(heterocycle)-CO—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, N(aryl)-COO—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, N(heterocycle)-COO—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, N(aryl)-CO-aryl, N(heterocycle)-CO-aryl, N(aryl)-COO-aryl, N(heterocycle)-COO-aryl, N(aryl)-CO—NH—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, N(heterocycle)-CO—NH—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, N(aryl)-CO—NH-aryl, N(heterocycle)-CO—NH—aryl, N(aryl)-CO—N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)₂, N(heterocycle)-CO—N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)₂, N(aryl)-CO—N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)-aryl, N(heterocycle)-CO—N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)-aryl, N(aryl)-CO—N(aryl)₂, N(heterocycle)-CO—N(aryl)₂, aryl, O—(CH₂)_(n)-aryl, O—(CH₂)_(n)-heterocycle, where n may be 0-6, where the aryl radical or heterocyclic radical may be substituted one to 3 times by F, Cl, Br, I, OH, CF₃, NO₂, CN, OCF₃, O—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, (C₁-C₆)-alkyl, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)₂, SO₂—CH₃, COOH, COO—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, CONH₂.

Heterocycle or heterocyclic radical means rings or ring systems which, apart from carbon, also comprise heteroatoms such as, for example, nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur. Ring systems in which the heterocycle or heterocyclic radical is fused to benzene nuclei are also included in this definition.

Suitable “heterocyclic rings” or “heterocyclic radicals” are acridinyl, azocinyl, benzimidazolyl, benzofuryl, benzothienyl, benzothiophenyl, benzoxazolyl, benzthiazolyl, benztriazolyl, benztetrazolyl, benzisoxazolyl, benzisothiazolyl, benzimidazolyl, carbazolyl, 4aH-carbazolyl, carbolinyl, quinazolinyl, quinolinyl, 4H-quinolizinyl, quinoxalinyl, quinuclidinyl, chromanyl, chromenyl, cinnolinyl, decahydroquinolinyl, 2H,6H-1,5,2-dithiazinyl, dihydrofuro[2,3-b]-tetrahydrofuran, furyl, furazanyl, imidazolidinyl, imidazolinyl, imidazolyl, 1H-indazolyl, indolinyl, indolizinyl, indolyl, 3H-indolyl, isobenzofuranyl, isochromanyl, isoindazolyl, isoindolinyl, isoindolyl, isoquinolinyl(benzimidazolyl), isothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, morpholinyl, naphthyridinyl, octahydroisoquinolinyl, oxadiazolyl, 1,2,3-oxadiazolyl, 1,2,4-oxadiazolyl, 1,2,5-oxadiazolyl, 1,3,4-oxadiazolyl, oxazolidinyl, oxazolyl, oxazolidinyl, pyrimidinyl, phenanthridinyl, phenanthrolinyl, phenazinyl, phenothiazinyl, phenoxathiinyl, phenoxazinyl, phthalazinyl, piperazinyl, piperidinyl, pteridinyl, purynyl, pyranyl, pyrazinyl, pyroazolidinyl, pyrazolinyl, pyrazolyl, pyridazinyl, pyridooxazoles, pyridoimidazoles, pyridothiazoles, pyridinyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, pyrrolinyl, 2H-pyrrolyl, pyrrolyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, 6H-1,2,5-thiadazinyl, thiazolyl, 1,2,3-thiadiazolyl, 1,2,4-thiadiazolyl, 1,2,5-thiadiazolyl, 1,3,4-thiadiazolyl, thienyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl and xanthenyl.

Pyridyl stands both for 2-, 3- and 4-pyridyl. Thienyl stands both for 2- and 3-thienyl. Furyl stands both for 2- and 3-furyl.

Also included are the corresponding N-oxides of these compounds, that is to say, for example, 1-oxy-2-, 3- or 4-pyridyl.

Also included are derivatives of these heterocycles which are benzo-fused one or more times.

The heterocyclic rings or heterocyclic radicals may be substituted one or more times by suitable groups such as, for example: F, Cl, Br, I, CF₃, NO₂, N₃, CN, COOH, COO(C₁-C₆)alkyl, CONH₂, CONH(C₁-C₆)alkyl, CON[(C₁-C₆)alkyl]₂, cycloalkyl, (C₁-C₁₀)-alkyl, (C₂-C₆)-alkenyl, (C₂-C₆)-alkynyl, O—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, O—CO—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, O—CO—(C₁-C₆)-aryl, O—CO—(C₁-C₆)-heterocycle;

PO₃H₂, SO₃H, SO₂—NH₂, SO₂NH(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, SO₂N[(C₁-C₆)-alkyl]₂, S—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, S—(CH₂)_(n)-aryl, S—(CH₂)_(n)-heterocycle, SO—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, SO—(CH₂)_(n)-aryl, SO—(CH₂)_(n)-heterocycle, SO₂—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, SO₂—(CH₂)_(n)-aryl, SO₂—(CH₂)_(n)-heterocycle, SO₂—NH(CH₂)_(n)-aryl, SO₂—NH(CH₂)_(n)-heterocycle, SO₂—N(C₁-C₆)-alkyl)(CH₂)_(n)-aryl, SO₂—N(C₁-C₆)-alkyl)(CH₂)_(n)-heterocycle, SO₂—N((CH₂)_(n)-aryl)₂, SO₂—N((CH₂)_(n)-(heterocycle)₂ where n can be 0-6, and the aryl radical or heterocyclic radical may be substituted up to twice by F, Cl, Br, OH, CF₃, NO₂, CN, OCF₃, O—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, (C₁-C₆)-alkyl, NH₂;

C(NH)(NH₂), NH₂, NH—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)₂, NH(C₁-C₇)-acyl, NH—CO—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, NH—COO—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, NH—CO-aryl, NH—CO-heterocycle, NH—COO-aryl, NH—COO-heterocycle, NH—CO—NH—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, NH—CO—NH-aryl, NH—CO—NH-heterocycle, N(C₁-C₆)-alkyl-CO—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, N(C₁-C₆)-alkyl-COO—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, N(C₁-C₆)-alkyl-CO-aryl, N(C₁-C₆)-alkyl-CO-heterocycle, N(C₁-C₆)-alkyl-COO-aryl, N(C₁-C₆)-alkyl-COO-heterocycle, N(C₁-C₆)-alkyl-CO—NH—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl), N(C₁-C₆)-alkyl-CO—NH—aryl, N(C₁-C₆)-alkyl-CO—NH-heterocycle, N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)-CO—N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)₂, N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)-CO—N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)-aryl, N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)-CO—N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)-heterocycle, N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)-CO—N(aryl)₂, N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)-CO—N(heterocycle)₂, N(aryl)-CO—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, N(heterocycle)-CO—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, N(aryl)-COO—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, N(heterocycle)-COO—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, N(aryl)-CO-aryl, N(heterocycle)-CO-aryl, N(aryl)-COO-aryl, N(heterocycle)-COO-aryl, N(aryl)-CO—NH—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, N(heterocycle)-CO—NH—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, N(aryl)-CO—NH-aryl, N(heterocycle)-CO—NH-aryl, N(aryl)-CO—N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)₂, N(heterocycle)-CO—N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)₂, N(aryl)-CO—N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)-aryl, N(heterocycle)-CO—N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)-aryl, N(aryl)-CO—N(aryl)₂, N(heterocycle)-CO—N(aryl)₂, aryl, O—(CH₂)_(n)-aryl, O—(CH₂)_(n)-heterocycle, where n may be 0-6, where the aryl radical or heterocyclic radical may be substituted one to 3 times by F, Cl, Br, I, OH, CF₃, NO₂, CN, OCF₃, O—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, (C₁-C₆)-alkyl, NH₂, NH(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, N((C₁-C₆)-alkyl)₂, SO₂—CH₃, COOH, COO—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, CONH₂.

The amount of a compound of formula I necessary to achieve the desired biological effect depends on a number of factors, for example the specific compound chosen, the intended use, the mode of administration and the clinical condition of the patient. The daily dose is generally in the range from 0.001 mg to 100 mg (typically from 0.01 mg and 50 mg) per day and per kilogram of bodyweight, for example 0.1-10 mg/kg/day. An intravenous dose may be, for example, in the range from 0.001 mg to 1.0 mg/kg, which can suitably be administered as infusion of 10 ng to 100 ng per kilogram and per minute. Suitable infusion solutions for these purposes may contain, for example, from 0.1 ng to 10 mg, typically from 1 ng to 10 mg, per milliliter. Single doses may contain, for example, from 1 mg to 10 g of the active ingredient. Thus, ampoules for injections may contain, for example, from 1 mg to 100 mg, and single-dose formulations which can be administered orally, such as, for example, capsules or tablets, may contain, for example, from 0.05 to 1000 mg, typically from 0.5 to 600 mg. For the therapy of the abovementioned conditions, the compounds of formula I may be used as the compound itself, but they are preferably in the form of a pharmaceutical composition with an acceptable carrier. The carrier must, of course, be acceptable in the sense that it is compatible with the other ingredients of the composition and is not harmful for the patient's health. The carrier may be a solid or a liquid or both and is preferably formulated with the compound as a single dose, for example as a tablet, which may contain from 0.05% to 95% by weight of the active ingredient. Other pharmaceutically active substances may likewise be present, including other compounds of formula I. The pharmaceutical compositions of the invention can be produced by one of the known pharmaceutical methods, which essentially consist of mixing the ingredients with pharmacologically acceptable carriers and/or excipients.

Pharmaceutical compositions of the invention are those suitable for oral, rectal, topical, peroral (for example sublingual) and parenteral (for example subcutaneous, intramuscular, intradermal or intravenous) administration, although the most suitable mode of administration depends in each individual case on the nature and severity of the condition to be treated and on the nature of the compound of formula I used in each case. Coated formulations and coated slow-release formulations also belong within the framework of the invention. Preference is given to acid- and gastric juice-resistant formulations. Suitable coatings resistant to gastric juice comprise cellulose acetate phthalate, polyvinal acetate phthalate, hydroxy-propylmethylcellulose phthalate and anionic polymers of methacrylic acid and methyl methacrylate.

Suitable pharmaceutical compounds for oral administration may be in the form of separate units such as, for example, capsules, cachets, suckable tablets or tablets, each of which contain a defined amount of the compound of formula I; as powders or granules, as solution or suspension in an aqueous or nonaqueous liquid; or as an oil-in-water or water-in-oil emulsion. These compositions may, as already mentioned, be prepared by any suitable pharmaceutical method which includes a step in which the active ingredient and the carrier (which may consist of one or more additional ingredients) are brought into contact. The compositions are generally produced by uniform and homogeneous mixing of the active ingredient with a liquid and/or finely divided solid carrier, after which the product is shaped if necessary. Thus, for example, a tablet can be produced by compressing or molding a powder or granules of the compound, where appropriate with one or more additional ingredients. Compressed tablets can be produced by tableting the compound in free-flowing form such as, for example, a powder or granules, where appropriate mixed with a binder, glidant, inert diluent and/or one (or more) surface-active/dispersing agent(s) in a suitable machine. Molded tablets can be produced by molding the compound, which is in powder form and is moistened with an inert liquid diluent, in a suitable machine.

Pharmaceutical compositions which are suitable for peroral (sublingual) administration comprise suckable tablets which contain a compound of formula I with a flavoring, normally sucrose and gum arabic or tragacanth, and pastilles which comprise the compound in an inert base such as gelatin and glycerol or sucrose and gum arabic.

Pharmaceutical compositions suitable for parenteral administration comprise preferably sterile aqueous preparations of a compound of formula I, which are preferably isotonic with the blood of the intended recipient. These preparations are preferably administered intravenously, although administration may also take place by subcutaneous, intramuscular or intradermal injection. These preparations can preferably be produced by mixing the compound with water and making the resulting solution sterile and isotonic with blood. Injectable compositions of the invention generally contain from 0.1 to 5% by weight of the active compound.

Pharmaceutical compositions suitable for rectal administration are preferably in the form of single-dose suppositories. These can be produced by mixing a compound of the formula I with one or more conventional solid carriers, for example cocoa butter, and shaping the resulting mixture.

Pharmaceutical compositions suitable for topical use on the skin are preferably in the form of ointment, cream, lotion, paste, spray, aerosol or oil. Carriers which can be used are petrolatum, lanolin, polyethylene glycols, alcohols and combinations of two or more of these substances. The active ingredient is generally present in a concentration of from 0.1 to 15% by weight of the composition, for example from 0.5 to 2%.

Transdermal administration is also possible. Pharmaceutical compositions suitable for transdermal uses can be in the form of single plasters which are suitable for long-term close contact with the patient's epidermis. Such plasters suitably contain the active ingredient in an aqueous solution which is buffered where appropriate, dissolved and/or dispersed in an adhesive or dispersed in a polymer. A suitable active ingredient concentration is about 1% to 35%, preferably about 3% to 15%. A particular possibility is for the active ingredient to be released by electrotransport or iontophoresis as described, for example, in Pharmaceutical Research, 2(6): 318 (1986).

The compounds of the formula I are distinguished by beneficial effects on glucose metabolism, in particular they lower the triglyceride level and are suitable for the prevention and treatment of type 1i diabetes.

The compounds of the invention can be administered alone or in combination with one or more further pharmacologically active substances. Examples of such further pharmacologically active substances are:

-   -   1. active ingredients which lower blood glucose, antidiabetics,     -   2. active ingredients for the treatment of dyslipidemias,     -   3. antiobesity agents,     -   4. antiinflammatory active ingredients,     -   5. active ingredients for the treatment of malignant tumors

They can be combined with the compounds of the invention of the formula I in particular for a synergistic improvement in the effect. Administration of the active ingredient combination can take place either by separate administration of the active ingredients to the patient or in the form of combination products in which a plurality of active ingredients are present in one pharmaceutical preparation.

Examples which may be mentioned are:

Antidiabetics

Suitable antidiabetics are disclosed for example in the Rote Liste 2003, chapter 12 or in the USP Dictionary of USAN and International Drug Names, US Pharmacopeia, Rockville 2003. Antidiabetics include all insulins and insulin derivatives such as, for example, Lantus® (see www.lantus.com) or Apidra®, and other fast-acting insulins (see U.S. Pat. No. 6,221,633), GLP-1 receptor modulators as described in WO 01/04146 or else, for example, those disclosed in WO 98/08871 of Novo Nordisk A/S. The orally effective hypoglycemic active ingredients include, preferably, sulfonylureas, biguanidines, meglitinides, oxadiazolidinediones, thiazolidinediones, glucosidase inhibitors, glucagon antagonists, oral GLP-1 agonists, DPP-IV inhibitors, potassium channel openers such as, for example, those disclosed in WO 97/26265 and WO 99/03861, insulin sensitizers, inhibitors of liver enzymes involved in the stimulation of gluconeogenesis and/or glycogenolysis, modulators of glucose uptake, compounds which alter lipid metabolism and lead to a change in the blood lipid composition, compounds which reduce food intake or food absorption, PPAR and PXR modulators and active ingredients which act on the ATP-dependent potassium channel of the beta cells.

In one embodiment of the invention, the compounds of the formula I are administered in combination with insulin.

In one embodiment of the invention, the compounds of the formula I are in combination with substances which influence hepatic glucose production such as, for example, glycogen phosphorylase inhibitors which are described in, for example, PCT/EP01/06030, PCT/EP03/03254, PCT/EP02/05205, PCT/EP03/03251, PCT/EP03/05355, PCT/EP03/06934, PCT/EP03/07078, PCT/EP03/10501 or PCT/EP04/00041.

In one embodiment, the compounds of the formula I are administered in combination with a sulfonylurea such as, for example, tolbutamide, glibenclamide, glipizide or glimepiride.

In one embodiment, the compounds of the formula I are administered in combination with an active ingredient which acts on the ATP-dependent potassium channel of the beta cells, such as, for example, troglitazone, tolbutamide, glibenclamide, glipizide, glimepiride or repaglinide.

In one embodiment, the compounds of the formula I are administered in combination with a biguanide such as, for example, metformin.

In a further embodiment, the compounds of the formula I are administered in combination with a meglitinide such as, for example, repaglinide.

In one embodiment, the compounds of the formula I are administered in combination with a thiazolidinedione such as, for example, troglitazone, ciglitazone, pioglitazone, rosiglitazone or the compounds disclosed in WO 97/41097 of Dr. Reddy's Research Foundation, in particular 5-[[4-[(3,4-dihydro-3-methyl-4-oxo-2-quinazolinylmethoxy]phenyl]methyl]-2,4-thiazolidinedione.

In one embodiment, the compounds of the formula I are administered in combination with a DPPIV inhibitor as described, for example, in WO98/19998, WO99/61431, WO99/67278, WO99/67279, WO01/72290, WO 02/38541, WO03/040174, in particular P 93/01 (1-cyclopentyl-3-methyl-1-oxo-2-pentanammonium chloride), P-31/98, LAF237 (1-[2-[3-hydroxyadamant-1-ylamino)acetyl]pyrrolidine-2-(S)-carbonitrile), TS021 ((2S, 4S)-4-fluoro-1-[[(2-hydroxy-1,1-dimethylethyl)amino]acetyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile monobenzenesulfonate).

In one embodiment of the invention, the compounds of the formula I are administered in combination with a PPARgamma agonist such as, for example, rosiglitazone, pioglitazone.

In one embodiment, the compounds of the formula I are administered in combination with compounds with an inhibitory effect on SGLT-1 and/or 2, as disclosed directly or indirectly for example in PCT/EP03/06841, PCT/EP03/13454 and PCT/EP03/13455.

In one embodiment, the compounds of the formula I are administered in combination with an a-glucosidase inhibitor such as, for example, miglitol or acarbose.

In one embodiment, the compounds of the formula I are administered in combination with more than one of the aforementioned compounds, e.g. in combination with a sulfonylurea and metformin, a sulfonylurea and acarbose, repaglinide and metformin, insulin and a sulfonylurea, insulin and metformin, insulin and troglitazone, insulin and lovastatin, etc.

Lipid Modulators

In one embodiment of the invention, the compounds of the formula I are administered in combination with an HMGCoA reductase inhibitor such as lovastatin, fluvastatin, pravastatin, simvastatin, ivastatin, itavastatin, atorvastatin, rosuvastatin.

In one embodiment of the invention, the compounds of the formula I are administered in combination with a bile acid absorption inhibitor (see, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,245,744, 6,221,897, 6,277,831, EP 0683 773, EP 0683 774).

In one embodiment of the invention, the compounds of the formula I are administered in combination with a polymeric bile acid adsorbent such as, for example, cholestyramine, colesevelam.

In one embodiment of the invention, the compounds of the formula I are administered in combination with a cholesterol absorption inhibitor as described for example in WO 0250027, or ezetimibe, tiqueside, pamaqueside.

In one embodiment of the invention, the compounds of the formula I are administered in combination with an LDL receptor inducer (see, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,342,512).

In one embodiment, the compounds of the formula I are administered in combination with bulking agents, preferably insoluble bulking agents (see, for example, carob/Caromax® (Zunft H J; et al., Carob pulp preparation for treatment of hypercholesterolemia, ADVANCES IN THERAPY (2001 September-October), 18(5), 230-6)). Caromax is a carob-containing product from Nutrinova, Nutrition Specialties & Food Ingredients GmbH, Industriepark Höchst, 65926 Frankfurt/Main. Combination with Caromax® is possible in one preparation or by separate administration of compounds of the formula I and Caromax®. Caromax® can in this connection also be administered in the form of food products such as, for example, in bakery products or muesli bars.

In one embodiment of the invention, the compounds of the formula I are administered in combination with a PPARalpha agonist.

In one embodiment of the invention, the compounds of the formula I are administered in combination with a mixed PPAR alpha/gamma agonist such as, for example, AZ 242 (Tesaglitazar, (S)-3-(4-[2-(4-methane-sulfonyloxyphenyl)ethoxy]phenyl)-2-ethoxypropionic acid), BMS 298585 (N-[(4-methoxyphenoxy)carbonyl]-N-[[4-[2-(5-methyl-2-phenyl-4-oxazolyl)-ethoxy]phenyl]methyl]glycine) or as described in WO 99/62872, WO 99/62871, WO 01/40171, WO 01/40169, WO96/38428, WO 01/81327, WO 01/21602, WO 03/020269, WO 00/64888 or WO 00/64876.

In one embodiment of the invention, the compounds of the formula I are administered in combination with a fibrate such as, for example, fenofibrate, gemfibrozil, clofibrate, bezafibrate.

In one embodiment of the invention, the compounds of the formula I are administered in combination with nicotinic acid or niacin.

In one embodiment of the invention, the compounds of the formula I are administered in combination with a CETP inhibitor, e.g. CP-529, 414 (torcetrapib).

In one embodiment of the invention, the compounds of the formula I are administered in combination with an ACAT inhibitor.

In one embodiment of the invention, the compounds of the formula I are administered in combination with an MTP inhibitor such as, for example, implitapide.

In one embodiment of the invention, the compounds of the formula I are administered in combination with an antioxidant.

In one embodiment of the invention, the compounds of the formula I are administered in combination with a lipoprotein lipase inhibitor.

In one embodiment of the invention, the compounds of the formula I are administered in combination with an ATP citrate lyase inhibitor.

In one embodiment of the invention, the compounds of the formula I are administered in combination with a squalene synthetase inhibitor.

In one embodiment of the invention, the compounds of the formula I are administered in combination with a lipoprotein(a) antagonist.

Antiobesity Agents

In one embodiment of the invention, the compounds of the formula I are administered in combination with a lipase inhibitor such as, for example, orlistat.

In one embodiment, the further active ingredient is fenfluramine or dexfenfluramine.

In another embodiment, the further active ingredient is sibutramine.

In a further embodiment, the compounds of the formula I are administered in combination with CART modulators (see “Cocaine-amphetamine-regulated transcript influences energy metabolism, anxiety and gastric emptying in mice” Asakawa, A, et al., M.: Hormone and Metabolic Research (2001), 33(9), 554-558), NPY antagonists, e.g. naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid {4-[(4-aminoquinazolin-2-ylamino)methyl]cyclohexylmethyl}-amide hydrochloride (CGP 71683A)), MC4 agonists (e.g. 1-amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2-carboxylic acid [2-(3a-benzyl-2-methyl-3-oxo-2,3,3a,4,6,7-hexahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridin-5-yl)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-oxoethyl]amide; (WO 01/91752)), orexin antagonists (e.g. 1-(2-methyl-benzoxazol-6-yl)-3-[1,5]naphthyridin-4-ylurea hydrochloride (SB-334867-A)), H3 agonists (3-cyclohexyl-1-(4,4-dimethyl-1,4,6,7-tetrahydroimidazo-[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propan-1-one oxalic acid salt (WO 00/63208)); TNF agonists, CRF antagonists (e.g. [2-methyl-9-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-9H-1,3,9-triazafluoren-4-yl]dipropylamine (WO 00/66585)), CRF BP anta-gonists (e.g. urocortin), urocortin agonists, β3 agonists (e.g. 1-(4-chloro-3-methanesulfonylmethylphenyl)-2-[2-(2,3-dimethyl-1H-indol-6-yloxy)ethyl-amino]ethanol hydrochloride (WO 01/83451)), MSH (melanocyte-stimulating hormone) agonists, CCK-A agonists (e.g. {2-[4-(4-chloro-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-(2-cyclohexylethyl)thiazol-2-ylcarbamoyl]-5,7-di-methylindol-1-yl}acetic acid trifluoroacetic acid salt (WO 99/15525)), serotonin reuptake inhibitors (e.g. dexfenfluramine), mixed sertoninergic and noradrenergic compounds (e.g. WO 00/71549), 5HT agonists e.g. 1-(3-ethylbenzofuran-7-yl)piperazine oxalic acid salt (WO 01/09111), bombesin agonists, galanin antagonists, growth hormone (e.g. human growth hormone), growth hormone-releasing compounds (6-benzyloxy-1-(2-diisopropylaminoethylcarbamoyl)-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-car-boxylic acid tertiary butyl ester (WO 01/85695)), TRH agonists (see, for example, EP 0 462 884), uncoupling protein 2 or 3 modulators, leptin agonists (see, for example, Lee, Daniel W.; Leinung, Matthew C.; Rozhavskaya-Arena, Marina; Grasso, Patricia. Leptin agonists as a potential approach to the treatment of obesity. Drugs of the Future (2001), 26(9), 873-881), DA agonists (bromocriptine, Doprexin), lipase/amylase inhibitors (e.g. WO 00/40569), PPAR modulators (e.g. WO 00/78312), RXR modulators or TR-β agonists).

In one embodiment of the invention, the further active ingredient is leptin.

In one embodiment, the further active ingredient is dexamphatamine, amphetamine, mazindole or phentermine.

In one embodiment, the compounds of the formula I are administered in combination with medicaments having effects on the coronary circulation and the vascular system, such as, for example, ACE inhibitors (e.g. ramipril), medicaments which act on the angiotensin-renin system, calcium antagonists, beta blockers etc.

In one embodiment, the compounds of the formula I are administered in combination with medicaments having an antiinflammatory effect.

In one embodiment, the compounds of the formula are administered in combination with medicaments which are employed for cancer therapy and cancer prevention.

It will be appreciated that every suitable combination of the compounds of the invention with one or more of the aforementioned compounds and optionally one or more other pharmacologically active substances is regarded as falling within the protection conferred by the present invention.

The examples detailed below serve to illustrate the invention without, however, restricting it.

I

Ex. R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 B R6 A D 1 H H 3-C(O)NH-propyl H H NH H 4-bond phenyl 2 H H 3-C(O)NH-ethyl H H NH H 4-bond phenyl 3 H H H H H NH CH₃ 4-bond phenyl 4 H H 3-COOH H H NH H 4-O—CH₂ phenyl 5 H H 2-NH—SO₂—CH₃ H H NH H 4-bond phenyl 6 H H 2-F H H NH H 4-bond pyrid-3-yl 7 H H 3-NH—SO₂—CH₃ H H NH H 4-bond phenyl 8 H H 3,4-O—CH₂—O H NH H 4-bond phenyl 9 H H 2-F H H NH H 4-bond phenyl 10 H H H H H NH H 4-CH₂ phenyl 11 H 3- H H H NH H 4-bond phenyl COOH 12 H H H H H NH—C(O)— H 4-O phenyl 13 H H 4-COOH H H NH H 3-bond phenyl 14 4-O—CH₃ H H H H NH H 3-bond phenyl 15 2-OCH₃ H H H H NH H 3-bond phenyl 16 H H H H H NH H 3-bond phenyl 17 H H H H H NH H 4-bond phenyl

The activity of the compounds was tested as follows:

Enzymatic Test Systems for Detecting Inhibition of a Phosphatase

The compounds of the formula I were tested for their phosphatase-inhibiting effect in an in vitro assay. The enzyme preparation and the performance of the assay was carried out as follows.

Obtaining the enzyme preparation:

-   A) Cell Culture:     -   Sf9 cells (=Spodoptera frugiperda cell type; obtainable from         invitrogen) are cultured in Grace's supplemented medium         (Gibco-BRL) with 10% heat-inactivated fetal calf serum         (Gibco-BRL) in spinner flasks at 28° C. in accordance with the         protocol of Summers and Smith (A Manual for Methods for         Baculoviruns Vectors and Insect Culture Procedures [Bulletin No.         15555]. Texas A & M University, Texas Agricultural Experiment         Station, College Station, Tex. 1987).     -   Construction of recombinant baculovirus transfer vectors: cDNA         coding for the regulatory and catalytic domains of human PTP1B,         but without the carboxy-terminal hydrophobic region         (corresponding to 1-299 aa) was obtained by polymerase chain         reaction via primers with attached cloning sites and suitable         cDNA templates (obtainable for example from invitrogen) and then         cloned into baculovirus expression vectors (Amersham Pharmacia         Biotech.). The recombinant baculoviruses were prepared with the         aid of the Bac-to-Bac baculovirus expression system (obtainable         from Gibco-BRL). The gene was cloned into the pFASTBAC donor         plasmid (obtainable from Life Technologies). The resulting         plasmid was transformed into competent DH10BAC Escherichia coli         cells (obtainable from Life Technologies). After transposition         and antibiotic selection, the recombinant plasmid DNA was         isolated from selected E. coli colonies and then used for the         transfection of Sf9 insect cells. The virus particle in the         supernatant medium was amplified three times up to a viral stock         volume of 500 ml. -   B) Production of Recombinant Protein:     -   Baculovirus infection of a 500 ml spinner culture of Sf9 cells         was essentially carried out as described by Summers and Smith         (see above). Sf9 cells at a density of 1-3×10⁶ cells/ml were         pelleted by centrifugation at 300 g for 5 min, the supernatant         was removed, and the cells were resuspended in a density of         1×10⁷ cells/ml in a suitable recombinant viral stock (MOI 10).         After careful shaking at room temperature for 1.5 h, fresh         medium was added in order to achieve a cell density of 1×10⁶         cells/mi. The cells were then cultured in suspension at 28° C.         for suitable periods after postinfection. -   C) Cellular Fractionation and Complete Cell Extracts of Infected Sf9     Cells:     -   After the postinfection, aliquots were subjected to an analysis         of protein expression by SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis. The         cellular fractionation was carried out as described         (Cromlish, W. and Kennedy, B. Biochem. Pharmacol. 52:1777-1785,         1996). Complete cell extracts were obtained from 1 ml aliquots         of the infected Sf9 cells after certain times postinfection. The         pelleted cells (300×g, 5 min) were washed once in         phosphate-buffered saline (4° C.), resuspended in 50 μl of water         and disrupted by repeated freezing/thawing. Protein         concentrations were determined with the aid of the Bradford         method and bovine serum albumin as standard.

Assay Procedure:

-   A) Dephosphorylation of a Phosphopeptide:     -   This assay is based on the release of phosphate from a consensus         substrate peptide which is detected in the nanomolar         concentration range by the malachite green/ammonium molybdate         method (Lanzetta, P. A., Alvarez, L. J., Reinach, P. S.,         Candia, O. A. Anal Biochem. 100: 95-97, 1979) adapted for the         microtiter plate format. The dodecatrisphosphopeptide         TRDIYETDYYRK (Biotrend, Cologne) corresponds to amino acids         1142-1153 of the catalytic domain of the insulin receptor and is         (auto)phosphorylated on tyrosine residues 1146, 1150 and 1151.         The recombinant hPTP1B was diluted with assay buffer (40 mM         Tris/HCl, pH 7.4,1 mM EDTA, 20 mM DTT), equivalent to an         activity of 1000-1500 nmol/min/mg of protein and (a 20 μl         portion) then preincubated (15 min, 30° C.) in the absence or         presence of test substance (5 μl) in the desired concentration         (final concentration of DMSO 2% max.) in a total volume of 90 μl         (assay buffer). To start the dephosphorylation reaction, the         peptide substrate (10 μl, prewarmed to 30° C.) was added to the         preincubated enzyme preparation with or without test substance         (final concentration 0.2-200 μM) and the incubation was         continued for 1 h. The reaction was stopped by adding 100 μl of         malachite green hydrochloride (0.45%, 3 parts), ammonium         molybdate tetrahydrate (4.2% in 4 N HCl, 1 part) and 0.5% Tween         20 as stop solution. After incubation at 22° C. for 30 min to         develop the color, the absorption at 650 nm was determined using         a microtiter plate reader (Molecular Devices). Samples and         blanks were measured in triplicate. The PTP1B activity was         calculated as nanomoles of liberated phosphate per min and mg of         protein with potassium phosphate as standard. The inhibition of         the recombinant hPTP1B by test substances was calculated as a         percentage of the phosphatase control. The IC₅₀ values show         significant agreement with a four-parameter nonlinear logistic         regression curve. -   B) Cleavage of p-nitrophenyl Phosphate:     -   This assay is based on the change in absorption of the         non-physiological substrate p-nitrophenyl phosphate during         cleavage to give nitrophenol under standard conditions         (Tonks, N. K., Diltz, C. D:, Fischer, E. H. J. Biol. Chem. 263:         6731-6737, 1988; Burke T. R., Ye, B., Yan, X. J., Wang, S. M.,         Jia, Z. C., Chen, L., Zhang, Z. Y., Barford, D. Biochemistry 35:         15989-15996, 1996). The inhibitors are pipetted in suitable         dilution into the reaction mixtures which contain 0.5-5 mM         p-nitrophenyl phosphate. The following buffers were used (total         volume 100 μl): (a) 100 mM sodium acetate (pH 5.5), 50 mM NaCl,         0.1% (w/v) bovine serum albumin, 5 mM glutathione, 5 mM DTT, 0.4         mM EGTA and 1 mM EDTA; (b) 50 mM Hepes/KOH (pH 7.4), 100 mM         NaCl, 0.1% (w/v) bovine serum albumin, 5 mM glutathione, 5 mM         DTT and 1 mM EDTA. The reaction was started by adding enzyme and         carried out in microtiter plates at 25° C. for 1 h. The reaction         was stopped by adding 100 μl of 0.2 N NaOH. The enzyme activity         was determined by measuring the absorption at 405 nm with         suitable corrections for absorption of the test substances and         of p-nitrophenyl phosphate. The results were expressed as         percentage of the control by comparing the amount of         p-nitrophenol formed in the test substance-treated samples         (nmol/min/mg of protein) with the amount in the untreated         samples. The average and the standard deviation were calculated,         and the IC50 values were determined by regression analysis of         the linear portion of the inhibition curves.

TABLE 2 Biological activity IC-50 (μM) PTP Assay PTP1B Ex. DiFMUP 1 2.5 2 2.8 3 1.9 4 46 5 3.8 6 1.8 7 5 8 0.7 9 1.1 10 2.8 11 20.7 12 3.5 13 15 14 2.1 15 2.6 16 3.6 17 0.7

It is evident from the table that the compounds of the formula I inhibit the activity of phosphotyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) and thus are very suitable for lowering the blood glucose level. They are therefore suitable in particular for the treatment of type I and II diabetes, of insulin resistance, of dyslipidemias, of the metabolic syndrome/syndrome X, of pathological obesity and for weight reduction in mammals and for treating obesity in mammals.

Compounds of the formula I are also suitable, because of their inhibition of PTP1B, for the treatment of hyperglycerimia, dysfunctions of the immune system, autoimmune diseases, allergic diseases such as, for example, asthma, arthritis, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, proliferation disorders such as cancer and psoriasis, diseases with reduced or increased production of growth factors, hormones or cytokines, which induce the release of growth hormones.

The compounds are also suitable for the treatment of disorders of the nervous system such as, for example, Alzheimer's or multiple sclerosis.

The compounds are also suitable for the treatment of disturbances of well-being and other psychiatric indications such as, for example, depressions, anxiety states, anxiety neuroses, schizophrenia, for the treatment of disorders associated with the circadian rhythm and for the treatment of drug abuse.

They are additionally suitable for the treatment of sleep disorders, sleep apnea, female and male sexual disorders, inflammations, acne, pigmentation of the skin, disorders of steroid metabolism, cutaneous diseases and mycoses.

The preparation of some examples is described in detail below, and the other compounds of the formula I were obtained analogously:

Experimental section:

Detailed preparation of the compound of example 18

508 mg (3 mmol) of 4-aminobiphenyl (from Sigma) are dissolved in 45 ml of absolute THF and, while stirring at 25° C., 393 mg (3.2 mmol) of ethoxy-carbonyl isothiocyanate are added. The reaction mixture is stirred at room temperature for 2 hours.

For workup, the solvent is distilled out under reduced pressure in a rotary evaporator, and the residue is taken up in 10 ml of n-pentane, whereupon the reaction product crystallizes out as a colorless solid.

Yield: 882 mg (2.93 mmol, 98% of theory)

MS (ES⁺): m/e=301.04

The reaction product is directly reacted further as described under b) below.

870 mg (2.9 mmol) of the compound prepared under a) are dissolved in a mixture of in each case 7.5 ml of THF and 7.5 ml of methanol. 5.6 ml of 1 molar aqueous sodium hydroxide solution are added to this reaction solution, which is then stirred at 25° C. for 4 hours.

For workup, the solution is concentrated to half its original volume under reduced pressure in a rotary evaporator and is neutralized (pH 6) by adding 2N aqueous hydrochloric acid, whereupon the reaction product precipitates as colorless solid. The resulting solid is filtered off, washed with water and dried in a vacuum desiccator over phosphorus pentasulfide.

Yield: 600 mg (2.62 mmol, 91% of theory)

MS (ES⁺): m/e=229.03

The resulting thiourea is directly reacted further as described under c) below.

299 mg (1 mmol) of 6-(2-bromo-acetyl)-2,2-dimethyl-benzo[1,3]dioxin-4-one, prepared by bromination of the corresponding acetophenone using Br₂ in glacial acetic acid by processes known from the literature are dissolved in 7.5 ml of absolute dioxane, and 228 mg (1 mmol) of the thiourea synthesized under b) are added. The reaction mixture is stirred at 90° C. for 1 hour.

When the reaction mixture is cooled, the reaction product crystallizes out as colorless solid, which is filtered off and then washed with THF and n-heptane. The reaction product is then dried in vacuo.

Yield: 410 mg (0.95 mmol, 95% of theory.)

MS (ES⁺): m/e=429.19

The thiazole derivative obtained in this way is directly reacted further as described under d).

410 mg (0.95 mmol) of the thiazole prepared under c) are dissolved in 2 ml of 80% strength trifluoroacetic acid, and the reaction solution is then stirred at 25° C. for 12 hours.

For workup, the trifluoroacetic acid is distilled out under reduced pressure in a rotary evaporator, and the resulting residue is induced to crystallize by adding 10 ml of toluene.

Yield: 255 mg (0.66 mmol, 69% of theory, colorless solid)

MS (ES⁻): m/e=387.29

1-H-NMR (500 MHz, D₆-DMSO), δ=7.05 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1 H), 7.29 (s, 1H), 7.32 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 1 H), 7.44 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 2 H), 7.69-7.65 (m, 4 H), 7.70-7.80 (m, 2 H), 8.08 (dd, J=2.3 Hz and 8.6 Hz, 1H), 8.86 (d, J=2.3 Hz, 1 H), 10.42 (br s, 1 H), 11.34 (br s, 1 H), 14.03 (brs, 1H) 

1. A compound of formula I

, wherein: R1, and R2 are each H; R3, R4, and R5 are, independently of one another, selected from H, F, NH—SO₂—CH₃, COOH, and CO—NH(C₁-C₆)-alkyl; R6 is H; A is a bond; B is NH; and D is phenyl; or a physiologically tolerated salt thereof.
 2. A medicament comprising a compound of claim
 1. 3. The medicament of claim 2 which comprises at least one other active ingredient.
 4. A medicament as claimed in claim 3, wherein the other active ingredient comprises one or more of the following: antidiabetics, hypoglycemic active ingredients, HMGCoA reductase inhibitors, cholesterol absorption inhibitors, PPAR gamma agonists, PPAR alpha agonists, PPAR alpha/gamma agonists, fibrates, MTP inhibitors, bile acid absorption inhibitors, CETP inhibitors, polymeric bile acid adsorbents, LDL receptor inducers, ACAT inhibitors, antioxidants, lipoprotein lipase inhibitors, ATP-citrate lyase inhibitors, squalene synthetase inhibitors, lipoprotein(a) antagonists, lipase inhibitors, insulins, sulfonylureas, biguanides, meglitinides, thiazolidinediones, α-glucosidase inhibitors, active ingredients which act on the ATP-dependent potassium channel of the beta cells, CART agonists, NPY agonists, MC4 agonists, orexin agonists, H3 agonists, TNF agonists, CRF agonists, CRF BP antagonists, urocortin agonists, β3 agonists, MSH (melanocyte-stimulating hormone) agonists, CCK agonists, serotonin reuptake inhibitors, mixed serotoninergic and noradrenergic compounds, 5HT agonists, bombesin agonists, galanin antagonists, growth hormones, growth hormone-releasing compounds, TRH agonists, uncoupling protein 2 or 3 modulators, leptin agonists, DA agonists (bromocriptine, Doprexin), lipase/amylase inhibitors, PPAR modulators, RXR modulators, TR-β agonists and amphetamines.
 5. A method for reducing blood glucose which comprises administering to a patient in need thereof an effective amount of a medicament of claim
 2. 6. A method for the treatment of type II diabetes which comprises administering to a patient in need thereof an effective amount of a medicament of claim
 2. 7. A method for the treatment of disturbances of glucose metabolism which comprises administering to a patient in need thereof an effective amount of a medicament of claim
 2. 8. A method for weight reduction in mammals which comprises administering to a patient in need thereof an effective amount of a medicament of claim
 2. 9. A method for the treatment of obesity in mammals which comprises administering to a patient in need thereof an effective amount of a medicament of claim
 2. 10. A method for the treatment of insulin resistance which comprises administering to a patient in need thereof an effective amount of a medicament of claim
 2. 11. A process for producing a medicament as claimed in claim 2, which comprises mixing the active ingredient with a pharmaceutically suitable carrier and converting this mixture into a form suitable for administration. 